50th secret of the world longest living life
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Inguiinal Hernia
Inguinal herni symptoms and management
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Everything that you want to know are here
Tibia plateau fracture
Tibia plateau fracture
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Best Practice Protocols Clinical Procedures Safety
1. Ethics- Patient Consent
2. Record keeping
3. Operating Room (O.R.)
4. Hand Washing Techniques
5. Scrubbing and gowning
6. Prevention of Transmission of HIV
7. Infection Prevention and Universal Precautions
8. Waste disposal in clinical procedures at resource limited health care facility
9. Diagnosis of Labour
10. Diagnosis of vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy
11. Severe Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia
12. Eclampsia Management
13. Urinary Retention: Emergency Drainage
14. Caesarean Section
15. Check List Prior to inducing anaesthesia
16. Managing unexpected effects of a spinal anaesthetic
17. Postoperative management
18. Postoperative pain relief
19. Cardiac life support
20. Airway Management
Anatomy of the Human Body
1. The Animal Cell
2. The Ovum
3. The Spermatozoรถn
4. Fertilization of the Ovum 5. Segmentation of the Fertilized Ovum
6. The Neural Groove and Tube
7. The Notochord
8. The Primitive Segments
9. Separation of the Embryo
10. The Yolk-sac
11. Development of the Fetal Membranes and Placenta
12. The Branchial Region
13. Development of the Body Cavities
14. The Form of the Embryo at Different Stages of Its Growth
Pathophysiology of disease free download
Pathophysiology
and Treatment of
Human Diseases
Introduction
Sir Thomas Willis is credited with the fi rst description
of a patient with achalasia in 1674. Einhornin1888
hypothesized that the disease was due to the absence of
opening of the cardia. Overthe pastthree centuries achalasia
has emerged as an important model by which to
understand the pathophysiology and therapy of motility
disorders originating from defects of the enteric nervous
system. It is the most extensively studied and readily
treatable gastrointestinal motor disorder. This chapter
reviews current concepts in achalasia, with emphasis
on the pathophysiology and etiology of the disease.
Specifi c secondary etiologies of achalasia are reviewed
that provide insight into mechanisms responsible for
the neurodegeneration that characterizes the disorder.
Diffuse esophageal spasm, nutcracker esophagus and
functional chest pain of presumed esophageal origin are
also discussed, although there is limited evidence pointing
to an enteric neural defect in these disorders
Monteggia fracture dislocation
Monteggia fracture dislocation
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Galeazzi fracture
Galeazzi fracture
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noone can know what will happen on tomorrow so just keep to do what you want to do
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Abdominal Trauma
INTRODUCTION (TRAUMA)
BLUNT TRAUMA
BLUNT TRAUMA
- Subdivision Mechanisms
- Blast ( Pressure wave causes tissue disruption )
- Crush (Compression) Body is compressed between an object and a hard surface Direct injury of abdominal wall and internal structures
- Deceleration Body in motion strikes a fixed object
Low Energy
- Arrows, knives, handguns
- Injury caused by direct contact
- cavitation
High Energy
- Military, hunting rifles & high powered hand guns
- Extensive injury due to high pressure cavitation
CEREBERAL ANEURYSM
Definition
A cerebral aneurysm occurs at a weak poin t in the wall of a blood vessel (artery) that supplies blood to the brain. Because of the flaw, the artery wall bulges outward and fills with blood. This bulge is called an aneurysm. An aneurysm can rupture, spilling blood into the surroun ding body tissue. A ruptured cerebral aneur ysm can cause permanent brain damage, disability, or death.
A cerebral aneurysm occurs at a weak poin t in the wall of a blood vessel (artery) that supplies blood to the brain. Because of the flaw, the artery wall bulges outward and fills with blood. This bulge is called an aneurysm. An aneurysm can rupture, spilling blood into the surroun ding body tissue. A ruptured cerebral aneur ysm can cause permanent brain damage, disability, or death.
Symptom
- Headache
- Vomiting
- Nausea
- Facial pain
- Alterations is consciousness
- Seizures
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Diagnosis
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Angiography
- CT scans
Spinal Tumor
Definition
A spinal tumor is a growth that develops within your spinal canal or within the bones of your spine. It may be cancerous or noncancerous. Tumor that affect the bones of the spine (vertebrae) are known as vertebral tumors. Tumors that begin within the spinal cord itself are called spinal cord tumors.
Type of Spinal Tumors
A spinal tumor is a growth that develops within your spinal canal or within the bones of your spine. It may be cancerous or noncancerous. Tumor that affect the bones of the spine (vertebrae) are known as vertebral tumors. Tumors that begin within the spinal cord itself are called spinal cord tumors.
- Vertebral column tumors
- Intradural-extramedullary tumors
- Intramedullary tumors
Vertebral column tumors
- Primary tumors: These tumors occur in the vertebral column, and grow either from the bone or disc elements of the spine. They typically occur in younger adults. Oseogenic sarcoma ( osteosarcoma) is the most common malignant bone tumor. Most primary spinal tumors are quite rare and usually grow slowly.
- Metastatic tumors: Most often, spinal tumors metastasize (spread) from cancer in another area of the body. These tumors usually produce pain that does not get better with rest, may be worse at night, and is often accompanied by other signs of serious illness (such as weight loss, fever/chills/shakes, nausea or vomiting).
Meningioma
Definition
Meningiomas are a diverse set of tumors arising from the meninges, the membranous layers surrounding the central nervous system. They arise from the arachnoid "cap" cells of the arachnoid villi in the meninges.
Common Location For Meningioma
Symptoms
Meningiomas usually grow slowly, and may reach a large size before interfering with the normal functions of the brain. The resulting symptoms depend on the location of the tumor within the brain. Headache and weakness in an arm or leg are the most common symptoms. However, seizures, personality changes, and/or visual problems may also occur.
Meningiomas are a diverse set of tumors arising from the meninges, the membranous layers surrounding the central nervous system. They arise from the arachnoid "cap" cells of the arachnoid villi in the meninges.
Common Location For Meningioma
Meningiomas usually grow slowly, and may reach a large size before interfering with the normal functions of the brain. The resulting symptoms depend on the location of the tumor within the brain. Headache and weakness in an arm or leg are the most common symptoms. However, seizures, personality changes, and/or visual problems may also occur.
Hydrocephalus
What is hydrocephalus ?
It is a condition that result from excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain.
Cause
•genetic inheritance
•developmental disorder
•complication of premature birth such as intraventricular hemorrhage
•disease , tumors , traumatic head injury
Pathophysiology
Ventricular dilation produces an increase in ICP. Compression of adjacent brain structure and cerebral
blood vessels may lead to ischemia and eventually cell death.
Signs and symptoms
•vomiting
•sleepiness
•itritability
•seizures
•rapid increase in head circumference
•downward deviation of the eyes
Diagnostic
•x-ray
•angiography
•CT scan
•ventriculography
Treatment
•surgical correction
•antibiotics
•serial lumbar puncture
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy
It is a condition that result from excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain.
Cause
•genetic inheritance
•developmental disorder
•complication of premature birth such as intraventricular hemorrhage
•disease , tumors , traumatic head injury
Pathophysiology
Ventricular dilation produces an increase in ICP. Compression of adjacent brain structure and cerebral
blood vessels may lead to ischemia and eventually cell death.
Signs and symptoms
•vomiting
•sleepiness
•itritability
•seizures
•rapid increase in head circumference
•downward deviation of the eyes
Diagnostic
•x-ray
•angiography
•CT scan
•ventriculography
Treatment
•surgical correction
•antibiotics
•serial lumbar puncture
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy
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C-section recovery tip
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How to treat wound infection
How to treat wound infection
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Children always make us laugh
Children always make us laugh
That why we love our children
Craniotomy and Craniectomy
Craniotomy and craniectomy
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Amazing free kick from Rooney vs Stoke city
Manchester United Vs stoke city
Amazing free kick from Rooney
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